[History]Magna Carta -- a Root of Current Constitution

±Û¾´ÀÌ ¿î¿µÀÚ

µî·ÏÀÏ 2010-08-13 10:21

Á¶È¸¼ö 1,408

http://www.suksuk.co.kr/momboard/ABA_008/32

īī¿ÀÅå īī¿À½ºÅ丮 ºí·Î±× ³×À̹ö¹êµå ÆäÀ̽ººÏ Æ®À§ÅÍ
¾¦¾¦´åÄÄ - ÆÄÀÏ ´Ù¿î·Îµå

ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù¿î·Îµå ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

´ñ±Û ³²±â±â
 

 

 

Magna Carta -- a Root of Current Constitution

In June 1215, a small group of powerful nobles met King John of England. It¡¯s because King John made the nobles pay heavy taxes to pay for his wars against the French and punished some nobles without proper trials. After days of arguing, the nobles forced King John to sign a document stating their rights to stop the king¡¯s dogmatic decision making. This document is the Magna Carta, Latin for ¡°Great Charter.¡±

The Magna Carta was very much a feudal document. This document was a list of nobles¡¯ demands for reform. Although the document did not challenge the king¡¯s right to rule, it firmly established the idea that the king had to obey the law of the land.

There were statements such as ¡°No money or special tax shall be imposed unless the common council of the kingdom agrees,¡± ¡°No free man shall be taken or imprisoned, nor his property taken, outlawed or in any way destroyed except by the legal judgment of the peers and the law of the land.¡±

The kings that followed King John also needed to raise money for different reasons. To raise this money through taxes, the kings needed the support of the wealthy nobles and townspeople. The Magna Carta prohibited the collection of taxes without approval of the ¡°common council,¡± which was made up of great nobles, church leaders, knights and townspeople. This group of people became known as the Parliament.

The Magna Carta¡¯s real significance went far beyond the dispute between King John and his nobles. For the first time in history, a king of England was bound by the law. He could not order as he wanted. His decision needed certain legal process in the Parliament to be effective. The Magna Carta became the root of current constitutional law in the English speaking world. Magna Carta influenced the development of the common law and many constitutional documents including the United States Constitution.

 

 

 

¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸ Çå¹ýÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ

 

1215³â 6¿ù¿¡ ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´ø ¸î¸îÀÇ ±ÍÁ·µéÀº À×±Û·£µåÀÇ Á¸ ¿ÕÀ» ¸¸³µ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÇÁ¶û½º¿ÍÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ·À» Ãæ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¸ ¿ÕÀÌ ±ÍÁ·µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¸¹Àº ¼¼±ÝÀ» ³»°Ô²û ÇÏ¿´°í ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀçÆÇ ¾øÀÌ ±ÍÁ·µéÀ» ¹úÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸î ÀÏ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ³íÀï ÈÄ¿¡ ±ÍÁ·µéÀº Á¸ ¿ÕÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×ÀÇ µ¶´ÜÀûÀÎ °áÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ Àû¾î ³õÀº ¹®¼­¿¡ ¼­¸íÇϰԲû ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â ´ëÇåÀåÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ ¶óƾ¾îÀÎ ¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸ÀÌ´Ù.

 

¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸´Â ¸Å¿ì ºÀ°ÇÀûÀÎ ¹®¼­¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â °³Çõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÍÁ·µéÀÇ ¿ä±¸°¡ ÀûÀÎ ¸ñ·ÏÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­°¡ ºñ·Ï ¿ÕÀÇ ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ¸Â¼­Áö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¿Õµµ³ª¶óÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

 

¹®¼­¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®±¸µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù: ¡°¾î¶°ÇÑ µ·À̳ª Ưº° ¼¼±Ýµµ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ½Ã ÀÇȸ°¡ Âù¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ºÎ°úµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù,¡± ¡° ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯Àεµ ÁÖº¯ÀεéÀÇ ¹ýÀû ÆÇ´ÜÀ̳ª ³ª¶óÀÇ ¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í¼­´Â ²ø·Á°¡°Å³ª °¨¿Á¿¡ °¤È÷°Å³ª Àç»êÀ» »©¾Ñ±â´ø°¡ º¸È£¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´ø°¡ ÆÄ±« µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.¡±

 

Á¸ ¿Õ Èļ¼ÀÇ ¿Õµéµµ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯·Î µ·À» ²ø¾î ¸ðÀ» Çʿ䰡 ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¼¼±ÝÀ» ÅëÇØ Àç¿øÀ» Á¶´ÞÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¿ÕµéÀº ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ±ÍÁ·µé°ú ½Ã¹Îµé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Áö¿øÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. ¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸´Â ÁöÀ§ ³ôÀº ±ÍÁ·µé, Á¾±³ ÁöµµÀÚµé, ±â»çµé, ½Ã¹Îµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ½ÃÀÇȸÀÇ ½ÂÀÎ ¾øÀÌ ¼¼±ÝÀ» °ÅµÖµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÝÁöÇß´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ðÀÓÀº ±¹È¸¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

 

¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸ÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ Á߿伺Àº Á¸ ¿Õ°ú ±×ÀÇ ±ÍÁ·µé°£ÀÇ ³íÀïÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼±´Ù. ¿ª»ç»ó óÀ½À¸·Î À×±Û·£µåÀÇ ¿ÕÀÌ ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥·Î ¸¶±¸ÀâÀÌ·Î Áö½Ã¸¦ ³»¸± ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ È¿·ÂÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é ±¹È¸¿¡¼­ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹ýÀû ÀýÂ÷°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. ¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸´Â ÇöÀç ¿µ¾î±Ç ±¹°¡µéÀÇ Çå¹ýÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶±×³ª Ä«¸£Å¸´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Çå¹ýÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸¹Àº Çå¹ý Á¶¹®µé°ú °ü½À¹ýÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ´Ù.

 



¸¶ÀÌ ÆäÀÌÁö > ½ºÅ©·¦ºÏ¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÁßÇÑ ±Û¿¡ °¨»ç ´ñ±Û ³²°ÜÁÖ¼¼¿ä.

        
¹øÈ£ Á¦¸ñ ±Û¾´ÀÌ µî·ÏÀÏ Á¶È¸
43

 [Issue & Debate] Gwanghwamun Signboard Writing, In Korean or Chinese?

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/09/20 1,389
42

 [History] Mongol Empire

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/09/20 1,028
41

 [Economy] Korea : A ¡®Luxury Friendly¡¯ Spot?

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/23 997
40

 [TOEFL Reading] What Is Insomnia?

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/23 1,200
39

 [News & Views] Multicultural Society Ensures Cultural Diversity

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/23 1,220
38

 [Issue & Debate] Corporal Punishment Ban

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/23 1,436
37

 [History] Punic War

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/23 971
36

 [Economy] Market Failure

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/13 1,042
35

 [TOEFL Reading] Octopus -- Intelligent Invertebrate

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/13 1,093
34

 [News & Views] Exit Strategy

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/13 1,120
33

 [Issue & Debate] Video Tech-aided refereeing in World Cup

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/13 1,052
32

 [History] Magna Carta -- a Root of Current Constitution

¿î¿µÀÚ 2010/08/13 1,408